Tadween e hadees

Tadween ka ma’ani hai, jmma karna. Tadween ke kaam ko teen baddey adwaar mein takseem kiya ja sakta hai. Is ki tafseel derj zael hai.

Pehla daur……..Ehd e nabwi(salallahu allaihi wasallam):

Rasool (salallahu allaihi wasallam) ne ibtidaa mein hadees ki kitaabat se sihaba ko man’na ker rkha tha ta’ke wo quran ko hadees mein khalt malt na ker dein. Lakin baadazan jab sihaba(R.A) mein quran o hadees ke dermyan imtiyaz karney ka shaoor pukhta ho gya to ap(salallahu allaihi wasallam) ne kitaabat hadees ki ijazet de di. Chunacha ap(salallahu allaihi wasallam) ke ehd e mubarak mein bohut se sihaba kraam (R.A) ne ahadees ko qalam band kiya aur Hazoor (salallahu allaihi wasallam) ne bohut si ahadees khud bhi likhwaein. Maslan sullah namey, maktubaat, intizaami farameen wagera. Mojooda zamaney ke aik mash’hoor muhakak Doctor Hameed ullah ne haal hi mein ehd e risaalat ki adhayi soo dastawezaat ka aik majmua miser se chapwa ker shaiya kiya hai. Kai sihaba (R.A) ke pas tehreri shakal mein hadees ke chote badde majmuey mojood the maslan :

1.Kitaab al sadqa :

Hazoor (salallahu allaihi wasallam) ne zakaat ke masail aur ba’az degar ahkaam par tehrirein likhwa ker soobai amaal ko bhejin. Aik tehreer apne pas rakh li. Ye tehreer kitaab alsadqa ke naam se maroof hai. Khulfaye rashideen (R.A) is par amal karte rahe. Hazart Umer bin abdul azeez (R.A) ne is kitaab ki naklein karwa ker amaal ko bhejin.

2.Sahifa’ay Ali:

Rasool (salallahu allaihi wasallam) ne kuch ahkaam hazart Ali (R.A) ko likhwaye the. Is tehreer ko sahifa’ay Ali kehte hein. Is mein ksaas wdiyat aur ba’az degar umor se mutaliq ehkaam the.

Mazeed parhein: Makki aur madni sooraton ki khasusiyat

3.Kitaab Saad bin abaada (R.A):

Hazart Saad bin abada(R.A) ke pas ahadees ka aik majmua tha. Unke betey ne is kitaab se hadees ki riwayat ki hai.

4.Kitaab Jabir bin abdullah(R.A):

Hazart Jabir bin abdullah ke pas ahadees ki aik kitaab thi jise kitaab Jabir bin abdulah ke naam se yaad kiya jata hai.

5.Alsahifa Alsadiqaa:

Hazart Abdulah bin Umer o bin al’aaz(R.A) Hazoor (salallahu allaihi wasallam) ki khidmat mein hazir hote to ap (salallahu allaihi wasallam) jo kuch farmate likh lete. Is terhan unke pas kaseer tadaat mein ahadees ka aik majmua tyar ho gya. Ye majmua “Alsahifa Alsadqaa” ke naam se maroof hai.

Dusraa daur……Sihaba(R.A) aur tab’een ka ehad:

Is daur mein ba’az sihaba ne apni zubani yaad ki hui ahadees khud likhin ya apne shagirdon wagera se likhwain. Maslan hazart Abu hurera (R.A) ne ahadees hazart Saeed bin jabeer(R.A) aur Hamam bin munba lo likhwaein usey sahifa abbi hareera kehte hein. Tadween hadees ke silsaley mein is sahifa ki baddi ehmiyat hai. Ye sahifa imaam Ahmad ki musannad mein mukamal toor par mehfooz hai iski beshter ahadees sahi bukhari mein bhi riwayat hui hai. Is ke do qalmi nuskhe bhi haal hi mein mil gaye hein. Aik damushq sey aur dusra berlan sey. Hazart Abdulah bin masood(R.A) ne bhi ahadees ka aik majmua qalam band kiya tha.

Mootaa imaam malik (r.a):

Dusrey daur ka sab se aham majmua ahadees hazart imaam malik (r.a) ki kitaab mootaa hai. Ibtida mein is kitaab mein takreeban das hazaar ahadees darj thi. Ap(r.a) is mein se akhtiyar kerte rahe ta’anke is mein siraf 720 ahadees reh gai yehi waja hai ke baad mein mootaa ke kai nuskhe raij ho gay. Mootaa ki baab bandi fak’hi masail ke hawale se ki gai hai. Is mein sirf aisi ahadees shamil hein. jin se fak’hi masail ka istanbaat hota hai. Is daur mein dusre muhadseen jinhoon ne ahadees ke majmuye muratab kiye un mein munderja zael ke naam khaas tor par kabil e ziker hein. (1) Iban e jareeh(r.a) (2) Imaam auzayi (r.a) (3) Abu salma hammad bin denaar (r.a) (4) Ma’amer bin rashid (r.a) (5) abdulah bin mubarak(r.a) (6) Imaam shab’ee(r.a) (7) Imaam zahri (r.a) (8) imaam maq’hool (r.a), Imaam abu hanifa (r.a) ki kitaab aur Imaam sufyan sowri (r.a) ki jamya bhi isi daur ki tsaneef hein.

Teesra daur:

Hadees aur rawayan e hadees ko is daur mein bohut qadar o manzilat hasil hui, kyunke hakoomat ki taraf se bhi hadees ki jamma o tadween ki hosla afzai ki gai. Is ka natija ye hua ke ba’az jaal saazon ne ahadees wza’a kerna shuru ker dein takey muashrey mein unhein buland muqaam o mertba hasil ho jay. Ahadees ke bohut se majmuy muratab huye jin mein sahee aur moozoo’a har qisam ki ahadees shamil huin. Is liye ab zaroorat mehsoos hui is baat ki ke sahee hadees ko moozoo’a hadees se alag kiya jaye. Is ke liye tankeed o tankeeh ke usool muratab huye. Sahee hadees ka ma’yaar mukerer hua aur is ma’yaar ke tehet is daur mein kai nihayat umda majmuye muratab kiye gay jo derj zael hein.

Mazeed parhein: Eid ul fitar ke fazayil

Masnad Ahmad:

Ye majmua ehle soonat o aljmaat ke aimaa arbaa mein se aik imaam jnab Ahmad bin jenbal (r.a) ne muratab kiya. Masnd Ahmad rawiyoon ke aitbaar se muratab hui hai. Sab se pehle is mein wo ahadees hein jin ke ravi hazart Abu bakar(r.a) hein. Aik aik ravi ko le ker is ke tehet is se mervi tamaam ahadees ko jmma ker diya gaya hai. Is mein takreban tees hazaar 30000 ahadees hein. Imaam Ahmad ka qool hai ke jo hadees unki is masand mein nahi, wo bey bunyaad hai.